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We can map the inheritance hierarchy classes with the table of the database.
There are three inheritance mapping strategies defined in the hibernate:

✔️ Table Per Class Hierarchy
➖ Single table is required to map the whole hierarchy, an extra column (discriminator column) is added to identify the class
➖ But, nullable values are stored in the table
✔️ Table Per Subclass Hierarchy
➖ Tables are created as per class but related by foreign key.
➖ So there are no duplicate columns.
✔️ Table Per Concrete class Hierarchy
➖ Tables are created as per class.
➖ But duplicate column is added in subclass tables.

Hibernate Inheritance with Annotation
✔️ Inheritance annotation
✔️ Defines the inheritance strategy to be used for an entity class hierarchy.
It is specified on the entity class that is the root of the entity class hierarchy.

Hibernate Sessions Factory
✔️ SessionFactory is an interface.
✔️ SessionFactory can be created by providing Configuration object, which will contain all DB related property details pulled from either hibernate.cfg.xml file or hibernate.properties file.
✔️ SessionFactory is a factory for Session objects.

Hibernate Sessions
✔️ Unlike SessionFactory, the Session object will be created on demand.
✔️ Session provides a physical connectivity between application and DB.
✔️ It will be established each time an application wants do something with DB.
✔️ All the persistent objects will be saved and retrieved through Session object.
✔️ The session object must be destroyed after using it.
✔️ Session object will be provided by SessionFactory object.

Hibernate Sessions states (life cycle states of an object)
✔️ Transient : A new instance of a persistent class which is not associated with a Session and has no representation in the database and no identifier value is considered transient by Hibernate.
✔️ Persistent : A transient instance is made persistent by associating it with a Session. | A persistent instance has a representation in the database, an identifier value and is associated with a Session.
✔️ Detached : When the Hibernate Session is closed, the persistent instance will become a detached instance.

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Core Components of Hibernate

✔️ Connection Management
✔️ Transaction management
✔️ Object relational mapping

Hibernate Configuration file:
✔️ Hibernate requires some the mapping information that defines the Java classes that relates to the database tables.
✔️ A set of configuration settings related to database and other related parameters are required and stored in a standard Java properties file called hibernate.properties, or as an XML file named hibernate.cfg.xml.

Hibernate Mapping file:
✔️ Mapping and Configuration always co-exist in hibernate as every hibernate program need these two xml files.
✔️ It is the core part of hibernate.
✔️ ORM tool requires mapping which puts an object’s properties into the columns of a table.
✔️ Though, Mapping can be done in the form of an XML or in the form of the annotations

Annotation:
✔️ The hibernate application can be created with annotation.
✔️ There are many annotations that can be used to create hibernate application such as @Entity, @Id, @Table etc. The core advantage of using hibernate annotation is that you don’t need to create mapping (hbm) file.
✔️ Mapping file instructs Hibernate how to map the defined class or classes to the database tables.

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Hibernate framework Architecture:
It includes many objects such as
✔️ persistent object
✔️ session factory,
✔️ transaction factory,
✔️ connection factory,
✔️ session,
✔️ transaction etc.

The Hibernate architecture is categorized in four layers
✔️Java application layer
✔️Hibernate framework layer
✔️Backend API layer
✔️Database layer

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Advantages
✔️ Open Source and Lightweight
✔️ Fast Performance
✔️ Database Independent Query
✔️ Automatic Table Creation
✔️ Simplifies Complex Join
✔️ Provides Query Statistics and Database Status

Disadvantages
✔️ It can’t be learnt easily.
✔️ The debugging due to xml files and performance tuning becomes difficult at times.
✔️ Hibernate is a bit slower than pure JDBC as it is generating lots of SQL ✔️ statements in runtime.
✔️ It advisable to use pure JDBC for batch processing.

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✔️ Developers use JDBC for communicating with the DB and the java app.
✔️ JDBC programming needs to create SQL statement, execute the statement and then process the results, Also the runtime exceptions are needed to be handled.
✔️ To effectively solve above issue, ORM tool was developed.
✔️ The ORM tool generates the SQL statements, executes the SQL statement and finally processes the result.
✔️ It also handles the exceptions occurred in the program.

Features of Hibernate
✔️ Object/Relational Mapping
✔️ JPA Provider
✔️ Idiomatic (Natural) persistence
✔️ High Performance
✔️ Scalability
✔️ Reliable
✔️ Extensibility

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➡️ Hibernate is the ORM tool to transfer the data between a java (object) app and a database (Relational) in the form of the objects.  
➡️ It is an open source, light weight tool given by Gavin King.
➡️ It is a non-invasive (don’t force) framework, it doesn’t force the developers to extend/implement any class/interface, there are only POJO classes so its light weight.
➡️ It can run with-in or with-out server, it will suitable for all types of java apps (desktop or servers)
➡️ It is purely for persistence (to store/retrieve data from DB).

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