Spring

Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)
✔️ AOP complements OOP by providing another way of thinking about program structure.
✔️ The key unit of modularity in OOP is the class.
✔️ In AOP the unit of modularity is the aspect (piece/portion/module)
✔️ Aspects enable the modularization of concerns such as transaction management that cut across multiple types and objects, such concerns are often termed crosscutting concerns in AOP
✔️ Breaking down program logic into distinct parts called so-called concerns in AOP.
✔️ The functions that span multiple points of an app are called cross-cutting concerns.
✔️ These cross-cutting concerns are conceptually separate from the application’s business logic.
✔️ There are various common good examples of aspects like logging, auditing, declarative transactions, security, and caching etc.

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Dependency Injection (IoC)
✔️ Objects can be added and tested independently of other objects.
✔️ Because they don’t depend on anything other than what you pass them.
✔️ To test an object you have to create an environment where all of its dependencies exist and are reachable before you can test it.
✔️ With DI, it’s possible to test the object in isolation passing it mock objects for the ones you don’t want or need to create.
✔️ Likewise, adding a class to a project is facilitated because the class is self-contained.
✔️ DI frameworks are often driven by XML files that help specify what to pass to whom and when.
✔️ IoC describes that a dependency injection needs to be done by an external entity instead of creating the dependencies by component itself.
✔️ Dependency injection is a process of injecting (pushing) the dependencies into an object

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Tight coupling:
✔️ In general, Tight coupling means the two classes often change together.
✔️ In other words, if A knows more than it should about the way in which B was implemented, then A and B are tightly coupled.

Loose coupling:
✔️ In simple words, loose coupling means they are mostly independent. If the only knowledge that class A has about class B, is what class B has exposed through its interface, then class A and class B are said to be loosely coupled.
✔️ In order to over come from the problems of tight coupling between objects, spring framework uses dependency injection mechanism with the help of POJO/POJI model and through dependency injection its possible to achieve loose coupling.

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Advantages
✔️ Predefined Templates
✔️ Loose Coupling
✔️ Easy to test
✔️ Lightweight
✔️ Fast Development
✔️ Powerful abstraction

Architecture of Spring Framework and Spring modules group
✔️ Test
✔️ Core Container
✔️ AOP, Aspects, Instrumentation
✔️ Data Access / Integration
✔️ Web (MVC / Remote)

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✔️ First version of Spring was written by Rod Johnson, released on February 2003.
✔️ It has become popular in the Java community as an addition to, or even ✔️ replacement for the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) model.
✔️ Spring is a lightweight framework.
✔️ It can be thought of as a framework of frameworks because it provides support to various frameworks such as Struts, Hibernate, Tapestry, EJB, JSF etc.
✔️ In broader sense, it can be defined as a structure where we find solution of the various technical problems.

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